Ornamental fish can sell for up to 100 times the price of food fish, yet farming them needs little land, money or labour. This makes the sector well suited to landless households, small-scale farmers and women in developing countries. In West Bengal, India, families breed species such as Betta splendens in reused glass bottles and raise exotic species in backyard cement cisterns. ICAR-CIFRI research programmes also help Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe women run their own farms
This article explores how ornamental fish culture supports the Sustainable Development Goals, from reducing poverty and promoting gender equality to protecting aquatic life. With around 95% of Indian ornamental fish exports still collected from the wild, captive breeding offers a way to ease pressure on wild stocks. The article also looks at water-saving technologies, certification, and the barriers small producers face, including poor market access, weak logistics and climate change.
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