This manual focuses on hatchery production of the flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, and provides a practical compilation of techniques covering all stages of its culture. The species is a high-value, low-trophic marine fish with minimal environmental impact when farmed. Consistent and sustainable production is best achieved through hatchery-based seed supply.

The information presented on captive reproduction and larval rearing is based on scientifically grounded experimental studies on the culture of this species. The techniques described have been tested at laboratory and pilot scales and are considered suitable for implementation at commercial scale.

The manual also describes grow-out techniques with demonstrated potential for commercial production and presents hatchery methodologies applicable to both small- and large-scale operations.

The flathead grey mullet is considered a promising low-trophic species for the expansion of global aquaculture due to several desirable traits, including its adaptability to a wide range of rearing conditions, tolerance to challenging environments such as high temperatures and low dissolved oxygen levels, omnivorous feeding habits, and the high nutritional value of its products, including smoked fillets and bottarga.

This publication aims to support the development of sustainable aquaculture and to improve its performance in producing nutritious and high-quality aquatic foods. It contributes to the strategic vision of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) under the FAO Blue Transformation Roadmap, which promotes the sustainable intensification and responsible expansion of aquaculture to strengthen food security, livelihoods and environmental sustainability. The approaches and practices presented are consistent with the principles of the Guidelines for Sustainable Aquaculture (GSA), which provide a global framework to guide responsible aquaculture development that supports food security, equitable livelihoods, climate resilience and healthy ecosystems.