My research focuses on nutritional physiology with the aims of understanding how aquatic animals use and waste nutrients including amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. This encompasses understanding climate change effects, growth under sub-optimum conditions and developing new ingredients and aquafeeds. My PhD was on nutritional bioenergetics of grass carp and his interest in warm water animals continues with research on sea bass (barramundi) and tropical lobster species. I am also very interested in globally relevant aquaculture systems including polyculture, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) and off-shore aquaculture.