This document provides annotations to the Principles of Article 9 of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Given the diversity in aquaculture and the sometimes different perceptions of “sustainability”, more balanced and informed approaches are required to address developmental and environmental issues at any given location. Commitment for collaboration, constructive dialogues among responsible partners, and participation of aquafarmers and their communities are important when assigning responsibilities for sustainable development of aquaculture.

This Code sets out principles and international standards of behaviour for responsible practices with a view to ensuring the effective conservation, management and development of living aquatic resources, with due respect for the ecosystem and biodiversity. The Code recognises the nutritional, economic, social, environmental and cultural importance of fisheries and the interests of all those concerned with the fishery sector. The Code takes into account the biological characteristics of resources and their environment and the interests of other users.

This training manual on scallop and sea cucumber hatchery and aquaculture techniques was prepared for the Scallop and Sea Cucumber Breeding and Culture Training Course, conducted by the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute in Qindao, People’s Republic of China and organised by the Regional Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project in May 1991.

This publication describes the culture practices and socio-economic aspects of snakehead farming in Thailand circa 1985. It covers snakehead biology, culture systems, site selection, stocking and rearing, feeding and health aspects. The paper also describes economic profile of snakehead farmers, seed procurement, feed costs and feeding issues, fixed, variable and opportunitic costs of production. It also investigates the relationship between farmer experience, farm size, and profitability of snakehead farming.

Ths paper enumerates different carp integrated farming systems being prevalent in Asia along with successful case studies indicating potential and constraints of such systems. It recommends to integrate carp farming with agriculture and irrigation, livestock farming, sewage utilisation and water pollution control not only to increase the productivity of land and water and improve the economic conditions of poor farmers but also to maintain health and hygiene of the rural poor and city dwellers alike.

The farming of the giant freshwater prawn has expanded rapidly in Thailand. Production has increased from less than 3 tons/year in 1976 to an estimated output of more than 1,200 tons in 1982. This rapid growth was largely stimulated by the Chachoengsao Fisheries Station established solely to promote culture of the prawn. Services of the station comprise the production and free distribution of post-larvae from 1976-1978, along with training and extension programmes.

This document briefly describes the status of the aquaculture in the Regional Aquaculture Lead Centre for Thailand circa 1981, in terms of available species and research priorities. Work was conducted on air-breathing catfish Clarias batrachus, snakehead Channa striatus, giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, silver barb Puntius gonionotus, snakeskin gourami Trichogaster pectoralis, mussels Perna viridis and oysters Crassostrea spp. Includes brief descriptions of culture methods prevalent for these species at the time.